Shri Ram Restaurant - Operations Management Essay

Shri Ram Restaurant - Operations Management - Essay Example Sometimes the customers have been quoted saying that, the services are slow and the rooms squeezed and that people should only go there when they are not in a hurry or are craving for South Indian foods. They have continuously complained that the decor is tacky and the lighting very poor (tripadvisor, 2013). Although the restaurant is well furnished and well equipped with Colourful painted walls, such comments from customers should be seriously treated taking into account that ‘the customer is always right’. Such problems have been causing slow growth of the business due to low customer turnover. To deal with these challenges, Shri Ram Restaurant needs to identify the areas with discrepancies and come up with proper solutions. The main issues that need to be handled are; inventory and capacity management, supply chain management, risk management, lean and waste management, demand forecasting and queuing calculations, quality models, and global and international issues. I n order to complete the customer’s requirements, the restaurant should manage the inventory effectively. Managing finances by use of database is very crucial for effective and accurate use of funds. Quality management remains the key point that forms basis for the business’s main stay and a pacesetter for steadfast growth and expansion.According to Laird and McCutcheon (2002), risk management is the integrated loom to the management of the constant reduction of risks to environment assets, production and people in the industrial setting... Purpose of Case Study The purpose of the study is to better the services of the restaurant through improvement of customers and staff management and production processes. Sometimes the customers have been quoted saying that, the services are slow and the rooms squeezed and that people should only go there when they are not in a hurry or are craving for South Indian foods. They have continuously complained that the decor is tacky and the lighting very poor (tripadvisor, 2013). Although the restaurant is well furnished and well equipped with Colourful painted walls, such comments from customers should be seriously treated taking into account that ‘the customer is always right’. Such problems have been causing slow growth of the business due to low customer turnover. To deal with these challenges, Shri Ram Restaurant needs to identify the areas with discrepancies and come up with proper solutions. The main issues that need to be handled are; inventory and capacity managemen t, supply chain management, risk management, lean and waste management, demand forecasting and queuing calculations, quality models, and global and international issues. In order to complete the customer’s requirements, the restaurant should manage the inventory effectively. Managing finances by use of database is very crucial for effective and accurate use of funds. Quality management remains the key point that forms basis for the business’s main stay and a pacesetter for steadfast growth and expansion. Risk Management According to Laird and McCutcheon (2002), risk management is the integrated loom to the management of the constant reduction of risks to environment assets, production and people in the industrial setting. Chandler (2003)

Gene Patenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gene Patenting - Essay Example Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with 300 to 500 base gene fragments, represent about only 10 to 30% of the average cDNA. cDNA is a laboratory synthesized DNA that contains only exons in their fragment. These allow the genetic researchers to limit their research to only information containing gene fragments. Patenting of gene fragments has sparked controversy. This is because researchers feel that allowing many patents on gene fragments of same genome adds up to costs to the researcher who is interested in examining the whole genome. The researcher will not only have to pay to each patent holder in order to get an opportunity to study each gene fragment, the researcher will also have to pay the people he has hired to study different patented genes and determine which genes are applicable for his research. Variation in DNA sequences when a single nucleotide in the gene is altered is known as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). For instance, SNP might alter a DNA sequence GATCAATA to GAACAATA. Along the human genome, SNPs occur after every 100 to 1000 bases. They can occur in both coding part of the gene as well as non-coding part of the gene. Normally, SNPs have no affect on function of cells, but researchers believe that some SNPs can make people more likely to contract a disease or affect their response to a drug. Difference in genomic sequences influences how humans respond to different diseases, environmental dangers like that of viruses, bacteria, chemicals and toxins and drug therapies. These variations make SNPs of great importance for making researches in field of biomedical and for developing different pharmaceutical products. Researchers believe that SNPs will help them identify the affects of different genes that contribute towards complicated diseases like diabetes, cancer and mental illness. In conventional ways of hunting genes, association between genes and diseases is difficult to make because an altered gene makes a very small contribution towards the disease. U.K Wellcome Trust philanthropy and ten big pharmaceutical companies in 1999, established a non-profit organization which would find about 300,000 common SNPs. The foundation then planned to patent all the SNPs found so that they could prevent others from patenting the same information. The information on SNPs found by th e consortium is freely available to researchers. Production of human embryos or cloning embryos for use in research is known as 'embryo cloning'. This process clones human embryos in laboratory so that stem cells can be harvested from them and used to study human diseases and development. Stem cells are of great potential to researchers because they can be used to generate any type of specialized cell in the body. Genetically modified organisms and cell lines are patentable material. Patents for cell lines from monkeys and other organisms have already been issued. Thus, based on previous court rulings, embryonic stem cells are patentable. Many controversies have developed regarding the patentability of human embryonic stem cells. The major controversy is that patents for human cell lines and cloning violate the principle of owning human beings. In the US, patents are granted according to a set technical criterion. Ethical issues have not yet influenced this process but it is yet to be seen how stem cell debate change this. Various research groups are patenting

Education Policy In Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Education Policy In Bangladesh Essay Introduction â€Å"Insurance is a way of protecting against these financial losses†. â€Å"General insurance or non-life insurance policies, including automobile and homeowners Policies provide payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event†. Anyone who owns an asset can buy insurance to protect it against losses due to fire or theft And so on. Each one of us can insure our and our dependents’ health and well being through hospitalization and personal accident policies. In this report we tried to show that how general insurance business operates in Bangladesh how important it is for economy what types of problem it faces in our country. Objective of the Study Primary objective The main objective of the study is to know how the insurance business works in our country. Secondary objective: The case study has the following objectives: To know about the insurance company (Based on three insurance companies.) To know about general insurance its classification. Company Overview Green Delta Insurance Company Limited (GDIC) is one of the leading private non life insurance companies in Bangladesh. GDIC was incorporated in December 14, 1985 as a public limited company, under the Companies Act 1913.  Actual operations started on 1st January 1986, with a paid up capital of BDT 30.00 million. Now, Green Delta Insurance Company Ltd. is amassed about BDT 637.875 million with a credit rating of AA1 and ST1. GDIC holds the proud distinction of being the first ever company to raise its paid up capital to such a level. This is also the 1st Insurance Company in Bangladesh to have equity partnership with IFC. With a presence in the strategically important parts of the country, which includes 38 branches, Green Delta Insurance Company Ltd. has established its prominent presence with equity participation in Delta Brace Housing Ltd., Progressive Life Insurance Co Ltd, United Hospital Ltd. Fin Excel Ltd. and BD Venture Ltd. Green Delta Capital Ltd. and Green Delta Securitie s Ltd. are two of the direct subsidiaries. GDIC provides stock brokerage services through Green Delta Securities Ltd. (GDSL) and investment supports through Green Delta Capital Ltd. (GDCL). As a part of the recognition for the contribution in the development of the insurance industry and for maintaining the standard of service, the company has been considered as one of the top 500 companies according to the renowned Rating Agency, Dun Bradstreet Rate Agency of Bangladesh. The company has also been awarded with many national and international awards like –‘’ICAB National Awards’’ for Best Published Accounts, ICMAB Best Corporate Award in Insurance category, ‘‘Certificate of Merit’’ for the Best Presented Accounts Award in the category ‘Insurance Sector’ by the South Asian Federation of Accounts (SAFA), ‘‘International Quality Crown Award’’ by BID International in London, The BIZZ Award by World Business confederation of Business, USA for leadership, Excellence in a management, Quality and Marketing, ‘‘The Diamond Eye Award For Quality Excellence’’ by BID OTHERWAYS, The Platinum Technology Award for Quality Best trade name by Association Other Ways in Berlin, International Star Award for Leadership in quality in the Gold, Platinum and Diamond categories and many more. With the slogan â€Å"Marches with time† during the last 28 years GDIC has been helping people in their time of need; pulling out all the steps when needed, and has been proud to be a partner in progress. Our Vision Our vision is to mature into a sustainable, coherent organization, raise competitiveness to the highest level in the insurance industry, maintain  high profitability balanced quantitative growth and exceed customer’s expectations by offering legendary services, embrace a new corporate identity and creative corporate culture. Our Mission Our mission is to create shareholders value through customer’s satisfaction and employee’s commitment to excellence. Our Strength Constant pursuit of suitable strategies has made the company the leading insurer of Bangladesh for over two decades. Our Belief We believe that client must stand at the center of our all activities. We have the ability to optimally fulfill the client’s needs based on risk management with minimum cost and personalized services Finding: Products Services Corporate Risk Management Industrial All Risk Insurance including Machinery Insurance and Business Interruption Property All Risk Insurance including Business Interruption Electronic Equipments and Computer Insurance Professional Indemnity Insurance Comprehensive Machinery Insurance Comprehensive General Liability (CGL) Product Public Liability Insurance Directors and Officers Liability (DO) Fire and Allied Perils Insurance Marine Cargo and Hull Insurance Financial Cash-in-safe, Cash-in-transit Cash-on-counter Insurance Portfolio Cover Credit Card Indemnity Insurance Bankers Blanket Insurance Bank Lockers Insurance A.T.M. Booth Insurance Banc assurance Retail SME Fire and Allied Peril Insurance Marine Cargo and Hull Insurance Personal Accident Health Insurance Overseas Mediclaim Insurance Micro Insurance Micro Health Insurance Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Household Insurance Motor Insurance Peoples Personal Accident Policy Comprehensive Travel Insurance Conventional Aviation Insurance Automobile Insurance Workmen Compensation Insurance Miscellaneous Insurance Engineering Insurance (Erection all Risk, Contractors all Risk, Deterioration of Stock Boiler Pressure Vessel Insurance, business intemiption Crop Insurance Nlbedlta-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Weather Index Based Insurance Investment Portfolio Management Underwriting Pre-IPO placement Syndication Trusteeship Green Delta Insurance is known for its innovation and services. Today ´s competitive insurance market is driving the market to think and Winovate now products and services and GDIC have been doing with its authentic. Beside the Traditional insurance portfolio GDIC introduced following personal line of products in last year and some them are in pipeline: Health Insurance Household Insurance Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Cellular Phone Contingency Insurance Weather Index Based Insurance Personal Accident Insurance Policy for Migrant workers It is matter of great pride that GDIC has introduced an insurance product first time ever in Bangladesh which is designed only for the females named as Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women. GDIC has also designed first ever Weather Index Based Insurance for the farmers of Bangladesh which will be launched shortly. In Briefly Fire Insurance Basic cover: Fire Lightning Explosion(domestic) Damage during or immediately following Fire caused by – smoke, scorching, Falling walls, water used for extinguishing Fire, blowing up building for preventing Spread of fire. This coverage can be extended to include other perils by the additional premium; Riot, Strike Terrorism Storm, Flood Subsidence Landslide Aircraft damage Bursting or overflowing of tanks. Health Insurance The health policy provides for reimbursement of hospitalization/domiciliary hospitalization expenses for illness/disease suffered or accidental injury sustained during the policy period. Under this scheme the expenses for treatment in a hospital for an illness or injury are insured. It does not cover for any expenses in respect of domiciliary or outdoor treatment. Covers: Hospitalization due to accident or illness. Ancillary services like ICU/CCU room, post-operative room, blood transfusion, special investigations, etc. Labor room services. Intensive care facility. Oxygen therapy. Skilled nursing services. Blood transfusions. Ambulance services. Dressing while in confinement and test other than the routine investigations. Marine Insurance The oldest branch of insurance. Comprises: a. Cargo Insurance. b. Hull Insurance. Lloyd ´s is the famous world ´s Marine insurance market. Marine Insurance Act 1906. HULL INSURANCE Concerns the insurance of ships. Hull, machinery etc. CARGO INSURANCE Plays an important role in domestic trade as well as international trade. Provides insurance cover in respect of loss of or damage to goods during transit by –rail, -road -sea -air Burglary Insurance Scope of Cover Lost by burglary Housebreaking following upon an actual forcible and violent entry into or exit from the premises by the person or persons. Then the company will pay to the extent of such loss to the extent of the intrinsic value of the descriptive value of the insured. Exclusions: Theft by persons lawfully on the premises. Any legal liability, Loss or damage during the progress of or following upon fire or explosion. Earthquake, war, Riot, Civil war, Invasion etc. Uncover able property: Deeds, bonds, stamp collections, bank or currency. Theft by persons lawfully on the premises. Any legal liability, Loss or damage during the progress of or following upon fire or explosion. Earthquake, war, Riot, Civil war, Invasion etc Company overview Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. established mainly through the initiative of a group of Bangladeshi professionals then working abroad along with a few enthusiastic local entrepreneurs, started its operation in December, 1986 after the Government of Bangladesh allowed the private sector to operate in the insurance sector in 1984 to carry on the business of insurance in the Private Sector. A brief explanation as to the growth of life insurance business in Bangladesh is in order here. Bangladesh declared independence from the Pakistani rules on March 26, 1971 following which she had to witness a bloody liberation struggle with the occupation forces lasting for 9 months before they were defeated. Insurance business which was exclusively carried on in private sector before independence was nationalized after liberation in 1972 primarily to address the emerging situation of eroding public confidence in the industry that was left staggeringly short of resources in the face of huge losses caus ed by the war of liberation. After a series of experimentation, a state-owned body, namely Jiban Bima Corporation (JBC), established in May, 1973 for transacting the life insurance business, took over the assets and liabilities under life portfolios of all erstwhile private insurance companies and started business in its own name. Since inception, Delta Life set before itself a high  standard of all round performance coextensive with professional soundness and proficiency. It soon made a mark in the life insurance arena by not only being the leader among the private sector indigenous companies, but by undertaking and successfully implementing innovative and welfare oriented life insurance schemes. It introduced an array of conventional life and group insurance products many of which were the first in Bangladesh. For the first time, health insurance products were also introduced by Delta Life. But more importantly, in fulfillment of the avowed commitment towards social development, Delta Life for the first time not only in Bangladesh but probably in the World, devised and introduced micro-life insurance-cum-savings products specially suited to the needs and pockets of poor people of the country who constitute more than 80% of the people of Bangladesh. Two projects of the company namely Grameen Bima for the rural people and Gono Bima for the poor and marginal savers of the urban areas were initiated to devote them slave exclusively to marketing and management of these innovative products. We are happy to report that we have achieved a good measure of success although there is a long way to go. These schemes that we have introduced have created great stir and enthusiasm among th e general mass who, before these projects started functioning, could not even dream of owning a policy that provides the much needed life insurance coverage along with facility of regular savings on a long-term basis. At a later stage i.e. in the year 2002, the projects were merged into a division of Delta Life, namely, Gono Grameen Bima Division. The GNGRB Division has been growing at a first rate of more than 25% p.a. for the last couple of the years and is poised to maintain this growth rate at least in the next five years or so. Delta Life can take pride in moulding the saving habits of the lower and middle class people and transforming them into prospective policyholders. The potential is now so strongly perceived that all life insurance companies old and new alike operating in the country have started their own micro insurance products. Finding Ordinary Life Insurance Delta Life offers a wide variety of ordinary life product/plans ranging from the most common endowment type to more modern and sophisticated plans like endowment with open term, pension plan with built in provision for  increasing pension, increasing protection with provision for premium refund etc. The plans have been designed keeping in view the diverse and multifaceted needs of the insuring public belonging to different strata of the society. Some of the popular plans are briefly described below. Group Life Insurance Group Insurance is an instrument for providing life insurance coverage (protection) to a number of individuals under a single contract (policy) who are associated together for a common interest other than insurance. It is the most cost effective means to provide immediate financial support to an insured member and/or his family in case of devastating events like-death, disability, disease as well as retirement. Group Insurance has already established its importance as a component of Employee Benefit Package in Bangladesh. Exclusive features of Group Insurance are: Insurance coverage to a number of individuals under a single contract. Simple insurable conditions Easy administrative procedure Prompt claim settlement Affordable premium Tax exemption on premium Delta Life offers a host of Group-Life Insurance schemes from which an organization/ employer may choose for benefits of its members/employees, as may best serve their interest according to organizational setup. To be treated as a group, the following criteria need to be fulfilled. A Group Should comprise of at least 15 members It should be a legitimately organized body Group clients of Delta Life Insurance Company Limited include: Semi-Government organization, autonomous bodies Private, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) Educational Financial Institutions Public Limited Companies Associations, Business organizations etc. Group Life Insurance Schemes offered by Delta Life are of two types: Traditional Schemes: For insurance coverage of members/employees of a Group Exclusive Schemes: For insurance coverage of clients of Financial Institutions Traditional Scheme: These are the commonly offered Group-Life Insurance schemes and are also known as Basic Schemes: These are: Short Term Contract Group Term Life Insurance Scheme (GT) Group Term Life with Premium Refund Scheme (GTR) Long Term Contract Group Endowment Life Insurance Scheme (GEN) Group Pension Scheme (GP) There are several variants of Basic Schemes. Examples of two variants of GTR are GTR-100/10: Group Term Life with 100% Premium Refund after 10 years GTR-50/10 : Group Term Life with 50% Premium Refund after 10 year Health Insurance Health Insurance is now considered indispensable in developed countries. In the present financial-social perspective of Bangladesh as well, Health Insurance has now become an essential, dependable, acceptable and the most cost effective means to make the modern treatment facilities affordable to all socio-economic classes of people, especially the fixed income group. As a pioneer of Health Insurance in Bangladesh, Delta Life Insurance Company offers several Health Insurance Schemes, which are as follows: Hospitalization (In-patient) treatment coverage plans Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Group)- offered to Members of a group and their dependants (if desired) Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Individual) – offered to an Individual as well as his or her dependant family members also known as Delta Care Hospitalization Plan. Out-patient treatment coverage plans Out-patient Insurance Plan Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization Out-patient Management Plan Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization Overseas treatment coverage plan for travelers Overseas Medicliam Policy (OMP) – A pre-requisite for visa application offered only to Individuals traveling abroad. Hospitalization Insurance Plans Covers in-patient (Hospitalization) treatment expenses of an insured member Expenses Covered under Hospitalization Insurance Plans Hospital Accommodation Consultation Fee Medicine Accessories Medical Investigations Surgical Operation Ancillary Services like Blood Transfusion, Ambulance Service, Dressing etc. General Features of the Scheme No need for preliminary Medical Examination during enrolment. Treatment coverage round the clock inclusive of Accidents and Emergencies. Coverage offered to Bangladeshi National as well as resident foreigner. Treatment at any renowned hospital or clinic by consultant of own choice. Preferential service at Designated Hospital. Direct payment of treatment expenses by the company at Designated Hospital. Reimbursement of expenses for treatment at non-designated hospital. Membership ID card for each insured to facilitate preferential services. Option for Maternity Benefit and Overseas Treatment coverage. Provision for inclusion of Spouse Children under the plan. Provision for inclusion of new member under the plan. Coverage up to 65 years under Group HI 60 years under Individual HI plan. Two types of plans with several benefit grades to choose from. Option to choose more than one grade according to status of the members of a group. Option to alter benefit grade during renewal. Gono Grameen Bima Delta Life first launched Micro-insurance product in 1988 through its Grameen Bima Project (GRB) to cater to the necessity of economic protection against premature death and of disability as well as providing a way for regular savings for the poor and low income group of people living in villages. Later it started another project in 1994, namely, Gono Bima (GNB) for the urban poor and the low income class. These projects are now merged under the  name of Gono-Grameen Bima Project (GN-GRB). The initial problems apart, the project started to yield impressive results right from the beginning by creating great interest among the target population who could not even perceive an institutional arrangement through which the ever present problems of insecurity of life could be addressed. To suit the needs and pockets of the target people, and for efficient management of these portfolios, some of the age-old traditional concepts of carrying on life insurance business had to be diluted and in some cases replaced by simple and straightforward practices. Yet, the results are so encouraging that Delta Life is now regarded far and wide as the undisputed leader espousing the cause of welfare of teeming millions and its experiences are now used to advantage not only by indigenous companies but also other micro-savings organizations abroad. Target Group and the Product In GN-GRB the formalities are minimum. Insurance Cover is given under Group Insurance concept. A person interested in a policy submits a simple two-page proposal form; it is signed or thumb imprinted by him or her. There is no need for medical check-up. The person needs to be between 18 and 45 years of age, have a monthly income of Tk. 5,000.00 (US $100.00) or less, be of good health and supply a Declaration of Good Health (DGH) at the time of submitting the Proposal form. Death through pregnancy complications within the first year of the policy and death through suicide in the first year of the policy are not covered under an exclusion clause. Simple endowment with profit policies are offered for 10 and 15 years term both with premium payment mode being weekly or monthly. Premium rate is the same irrespective of age at entry. Besides this plan, new plans like three-payment plan with 12 and 15 years term and double protection endowment plan have recently been introduced. Policy Documents Upon acceptance of the proposal, a pass book is issued to the policyholder detailing all terms and conditions of the policy. The pass book serves as the purpose of recording of all payments made by him towards the policy. There is one group policy document for the policyholders of each Thana or Block. For individual policyholders the passbook serves as policy document. Micro Investment (Loan) GN-GRB gives small project loans to its policyholders on a group liability basis. No collateral is required. There is 20% service charge on the loans, which is calculated at a flat rate and added to the principal amount. The loan, together with the service charge, is repayable in 12 equal monthly installments. The repayments are collected from door to door by the organizers. Recently a decision has been taken to establish small collection booths in the villages. A person must be a policyholder and pay premiums for at least one year before being eligible for a loan. The maximum loan given is Tk. 5,000.00 (US $100.00) per policyholder. The loans are for income generating activities (IGA) only. Policyholders form a committee of 5 to 7 members. 3 policyholders selected by the committee are given the first loan. After recovery of 3 installments from each of the first three borrowers, the next 3 are given their loans and so on. As a general rule, 60% of the premium income of an area and 40 % of the repaid loan of an area are available for loan in that area. Also 100% of premium collection of a committee is available for loan to that committee. Company overview Crystal Insurance Company Limited is one of the leading general insurance (Non Life) company in private sector in Bangladesh. The company transacts a wide range of General Insurance business in Bangladesh and expertise in the field with sound and stable financial position. Our Mission To provide prompt, efficient and professionalized services for maximum risk coverage of the insured. To provide insurance coverage at the most competitive premium rate ensuring maximum security. To promote Human Resource development and professionalism in insurance business. To settle insurance claim promptly. CICL believes in the quality of the deals struck rather than the quantity of it. With our knowledge and expertise it is our commitment to the insuring community to deliver them the highest standard of security and professionalism. Finding Fire Insurance Fire Insurance Policy (including R SD, Flood, Cyclone Earthquake coverage) Industrial All Risks (IAR) Engineering Insurance Machinery Insurance {Machinery Breakdown Policy (MBD)} Deterioration of Stock (DOS) Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Electronic Equipment Insurance (EEI) Erection All Risk Policy (EAR) Contractor’s All Risk Policy (CAR) Motor Insurance Motor Insurance for Commercial Vehicle Motor Insurance for Private Vehicle Motor Insurance for Motor Cycle/Scooter Marine Cargo Insurance Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Steamer or Power Vessel Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Rail/Lorry/Truck Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Inland Rail or Road Conveyance Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Inland Cargoes (water borne) Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Air Cargo Miscellaneous Burglary House Breaking Insurance Cash-in-Safe Cash-in-Transit Cash-in-Premises Cash-in-counter People personal Accident Workmen’s Compensation Policy Business Interruption Overseas Med claim and Holiday Insurance Public Liability Policy Product Liability Policy Consequential Loss Householders Comprehensive Policy

Accommodations for Intellectually Disabled Students

Accommodations for Intellectually Disabled Students Abstract: This following research paper describes about Intellectual Disability and its limitations. And some of the common characteristics of ID. It also provides the comprehensive view of modifications, accommodations and assistive technology and transition planning to assist disabilities. Some agencies and inclusion tips are also mentioned. Lastly, concluding the article formally by giving final suggestions. Definition: Intellectual disability (ID), also known as mental retardation, is categorized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a deficiency of skills required for continuous living. People having intellectual disabilities can and be able to learn new skills, but they are able to learn them more slowly. There are different degrees of intellectual disability; from lenient to intense. This disability originates before the age of 18. (Definition of Intellectual Disability, n.d.) Common characteristics of Intellectual disability: There are many signs of intellectual disability. For example, individuals with intellectual disability may: Have trouble speaking, Find it hard to remember things, Not understand how things work, Have difficulty understanding social rules, Have difficulty seeing the result of their actions, Have trouble solving problems, and/or Have trouble thinking with logic and more Limitations of Intellectual Disability: Someone with Intellectual disability has limitations in two areas. These areas are: Intellectual Functioning: Also known as IQ, this is known as a person’s ability to learn reason, make decisions, and solve problems. Adaptive Behavior: is the collection of conceptual, social, and applied skills which are learned and completed by people in their daily lives like being able to communicate efficiently, cooperate with others, and take care of one. And these are defined as: Conceptual skills: Literacy and language; time, money, number concepts; and self-direction. Social skills: Social responsibility, interpersonal skills, self-esteem, acceptance, caution, social problem solving, and the ability to follow rules/obey laws and to avoid being victimized. Practical skills: actions of daily living (personal care), work-related skills, healthcare, travel/transportation, schedules/routines, safety, use of money, use of the telephone. (Tracy) Analysis of ways for addressing the needs of students within this disability category: There are many ways that disabilities can affect the ability to perform effectively on the job. Levels of disability and ability are unique to an individual. Most accommodations are simple, creative alternatives for traditional ways of doing things. Following are some of the strategies, accommodations, modifications and assistive technology analysis that will help people having intellectual disabilities to participate at their full in work-based learning experiences. (Dwyer) Strategies to address the needs of individual with intellectual disability: It is important to implement strategies that address the needs of the individual. Following are few strategies that can help in addressing the need of an individual with Intellectual disability: Understanding the Needs of Individuals with Disabilities Managing Time and Classroom Activities Teaching Techniques Assessment Practices (Doka) Accommodations for students with disabilities: It is very important to accommodate those individuals who have intellectual disabilities. So that they can be provided with normal environment where they can act like normal beings. Following are some of the modifications and accommodations for such individuals: Assistive Technology: Implementing accommodations involves anticipating problems students with disabilities may have with instruction or assessment activities. Students may need to use some type of assistive technology to overcome or mitigate the effects of their disability. Assistive technology encompasses a wide range of tools and techniques. Some low-tech tools include pencil and tool grips, color-coding, and picture diagrams. High-tech tools include electronic equipment, such as a talking calculator, computer with word prediction software, and variable speech control audio recorder for playback. (Assistive Technology, Accommodations, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, 2001) Instruction and Assessment: Suggestions for accommodations in specific areas of instruction and assessment are as following: Reading Listening Writing Mathematics Completing assignments Test preparation Taking tests Learning and Work Environment: Accommodations may be needed that involve: Changes to the physical features or organization of the school or classroom, Changes to the learning environment may include alterations to grouping arrangements, behavioral expectations, Classroom management procedures, And the physical setting. Job Requirements: Job accommodations are defined on an individual basis. Some accommodations involve simple adaptations, while others require more sophisticated equipment or adjustments to physical facilities. The instructor and employer will need to analyze job tasks, basic qualifications and skills needed to perform the tasks, and the kinds of adjustments that can be made to ensure that performance standards will be met. Modifications for students with disabilities: Modifications to the expectations or outcomes of the curriculum may be necessary for a student with a disability. Modifications may include modified program or course requirements, concepts or skills significantly below the targeted grade level, or alternate curriculum goals. Impact of Modifications: When considering modifications, it is important to evaluate the long-range impact of changing expectations. Students with disabilities who are not challenged to reach the same level of achievement as their nondisabled peers may not be able to earn a standard diploma in high school or a career certificate or degree from a postsecondary institution. Modifications may also limit the types of careers and occupations in which students can find work. (HOW TO SELECT, ADMINISTER, AND EVALUATE ACCOMMODATIONS FOR INSTRUCTION OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES, 2011) Modified Occupational Completion Points: Career education programs are different at the high school level. The student performance standards may be modified as long as they are aimed at fulfilling the requirements of the specific job selected by the individual student. Teams may modify the curriculum and identify a completion point that falls between established completion points, known as modified occupational points. Transition planning for students with Intellectual disabilities: Transition is usually described as a coordinated set of activities for a student, designed to promote successful progress to and from school. Transition relates to entry into and exit from each educational level, such as pre-school to elementary school, elementary school to secondary school, and secondary school to post-school activities, including postsecondary education (both university and college), vocational training, apprenticeships, employment, adult education, independent living and community participation. Successful transition for all students including those who have learning disabilities is based on: the student’s identified needs the student’s recognized strengths, skills and competencies the student’s interests the student’s preferences the student’s short and long term goals the student’s past experiences, including academic achievements, co-curricular and Volunteer involvements at school and in the community. (Tracy) Agencies available for intellectually disabled: There are many agencies all around the world that are catering the needs of individuals with intellectual disability that includes: National Intellectual Disability Care Agency (NIDCA) U.S. Organizations for People with Intellectual Disabilities: The ArcLink Find my roommate MOSAIC Think College and many more. Intellectual Disabilities’ agency of the New River Valley (IDA) Inclusion Tips: The tips below are general guidelines to help make simple accommodations: Academic Accommodations: Teachers may need to make adaptations to the curriculum and learning activities in order to fully include these students. Physical and Sensory Accommodations: This includes hearing impairments, visual impairments and physical disabilities. Behavioral Accommodations: It is important to have well managed and consistent behavioral plan in order to help students learn more appropriate behaviors. Conclusion: Intellectual disability is a very common disability. It should be eliminated by using different techniques that come in handy and that are mentioned in this particular research paper. Children with such disability should be accommodated accordingly. And there are a lot of ways through which a child can get accommodations. These pupils need special care and attention. People with such disabilities are often not seen as full citizens of society. There should be movement for self-advocacy, self determination and self direction by the people with intellectual disabilities. And there is a need to eliminate it either with the help of technology or either with providing comprehensive treatment. Works Cited (2001). Assistive Technology, Accommodations, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Research. Cornell University. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/extension/files/download/Assistive_Tech.pdf Definition of Intellectual Disability. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2014, from Aaidd.org: http://aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition#.UwCy9vmSxvA Doka, K. J. (n.d.). Individuals with intellectual disabilities: Struggling with loss and grief. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.rescarenz.org.nz/Publications Papers/ciwid.pdf Dwyer, K. P. (n.d.). Disciplining Students With Disabilities. National Association of School Psychologists (. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.wrightslaw.com/info/discipline.stud.dis.dwyer.pdf (2011). HOW TO SELECT, ADMINISTER, AND EVALUATE ACCOMMODATIONS FOR INSTRUCTION OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES. Department of Education. Nebraska: NEBRASKA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION . Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.education.ne.gov/assessment/pdfs/Accommodations_Guidelines_Students_Disabilities_Nov_2011.pdf Tracy, J. (n.d.). Intellectual disability. Centre for Developmental Health Victoria. Centre for Developmental Health Victoria. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from Nichcy.org: http://www.cddh.monash.org/assets/documents/intellectual-disability.pdf

The Decade Changing Realism Of A Common Man From The 50’s :: Essays Papers

The Decade Changing Realism Of A Common Man From The 50’s When all literature is written, the author or poet is influenced by the happenings of the time or era in which they live. What this does is give the reader a sense of how the author or poet perceives the time. In particular the poem entitled, â€Å"Life Cycle of Common Man† by Howard Stanley Nemerov shows a direct connection between the poem itself, and the time in which it was written. Nemerov uses his thoughts and experiences from the 50’s and 60’s to write a poem, which shows a brief overview of the life of a common man of the 50’s. The interesting thing about this particular piece is that it was written in 1960, which means that it was written when the changes of the two very different decades started to occur; furthermore, when the two very different types of thinking started to occur. The poem’s structure fits perfectly with this as well. Nemerov’s view of the 50’s is seen in the perspective view of his 60’s way of t hinking, possibly even being somewhat responsible for the change in mindset from change in decade. Howard Nemerov was a very different type of poet than the rest of the poets during the time when this piece was written. Nemerov had himself been in the war, and come back home to a new country of consumerism and routine. When the 50’s ways of anti-communism and conservative thoughts were on the outs and the more liberal/revolutionary ways of thinking and acting came around, Nemerov did not follow the path of most of writers then. Most writers of the time thought of themselves as artist making a social stand, Nemerov was not very keen on protests or big on writing about social class values. He more or less stood back and wrote from a more sarcastic, paradoxical way. Being known as a â€Å"satirist filled with compassion,† Nemerov wrote on his observations and gave his opinion of them in the tone in which he wrote each piece (Labrie 145). This is quite evident in his poetry from around this time frame especially in the piece â€Å"Life Cycle of Common Man.† â€Å"Life Cycle of Common Man† is broken up into three major parts. The first is a recap of the typical 50’s man.

The Most Popular Dance Genres Essay -- zumba, classical ballet

Dance is a universal expression. People can easily tell stories or express how they feel through this form of art. Just like an instrument, dancing is how a dancer makes music. In general dancing has changed throughout time. How we dance now is not how it was done in the fifties and sixties. Like music dance evolves according to what is popular. Something is constantly being added to all of the different genres of dance. Although there are many different styles of dances in the world, there are some that are more popular: Zumba, Ballet, Salsa, and the most popular, Hip Hop. Zumba is a dance craze that has become popular in the last few years, bypassing other genres of dances that have been being done for centuries. What is Zumba you ask? Well Zumba, Spanish slang for buzz or move fast, incorporates hypnotic Latin music with easy-to-do moves that leads to a dynamic and effective workout program. This is the reason to why Zumba has become so widespread, it’s fun, easy and it benefits your health in a major way. The way you do Zumba is by attending a Zumba class. There you are taught by an instructor different moves along with other women from ages thirteen to seventy years old. You can also buy the workout DVD’s and shake off your pounds in the privacy of your home. Like other dances it’s a combination of other genres of dances, mainly Latin or Spanish dance moves mixed with a little bit of hip-hop. This fun dance was an accidental discovery way back in 1986 by Alberto Perez. Perez was teaching an aerobics class in Santiago de Cali, Colombia when he used his personal music to teach class instead of using his normal music. Even though he did this back in 1986 this form of aerobics didn’t become popular in America until 2002. Today ... ...rrow. Each and every individual has their own personal favorite genre of dance weather it is Zumba, ballet, salsa, or hip hop. They all are just to express yourself so go out and enjoy dancing! Works Cited 1. "Anna Pavlovna Pavlova." 2014. Biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC, .Web. Apr 10 2014. http://www.biography.com/people/anna-pavlova-9435343. 2. â€Å"Types and styles of Ballet.† pbt.org. Plumb Media. Web. Apr 10 2014. http://www.pbt.org/community-engagement/types-and-styles-ballet 3. Hanson, Rachel. â€Å"History of Hip Hop Dance†.dance.lovetoknow.com. LoveToKnow Corp. Web. Apr 10 2014. http://dance.lovetoknow.com/History_of_Hip_Hop_Dance 4. Sarnataro, Barbara. â€Å"Zumba: Fun Is Secret Ingredient of Latin Dance Workout†. webmd.com. WebMD, LLC. Web. Apr 10 2014. http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/features/zumba-fun-is-secret-ingredient-of-latin-dance-workout

Teaching Computer Architecture: How to Introduce the Class

Introduction: How to Teaching is simple. It does not always require creativity to do it right. It is the art of using the right teaching method for the right student personality in the right environment. How much a particular student learns in a course is actually governed partially by that learner's native ability and preceding preparation but also by the consistency of his learning style and the teacher's teaching style. Teachers' teaching plans can exceed the learning process for the students and can improve their learning quality as well if it is well-matched the students' learning styles.The concept of learning styles – which states that different learners have different needs, ways of processing and adapting information, and therefore need to be taught differently so that their learning and achievement are more effective – has been a significant area of investigation in learning theories for over thirty years. In this paper I am designing a teaching plan driven by students learning styles and compatible with the basic two types of learning styles: visual and verbal learning styles.Teaching computer architecture has been examined in many ways like prototyping [1], learning through experience [2] [3] but it hasn't addressed by matching the teaching style with the students learning styles. I chose the first lesson of the computer architecture â€Å"introducing computer architecture course to the students† as an example to prove the enhancement of this approach in teaching computer architecture. The paper is divided to some sections.The first one is setting the base knowledge of the terms that will be used through this paper starting from explaining learning styles then going to clarifying the visual and auditory learning styles. After that, I am going to implement the introduced background in computer architecture context to computer architecture course (ACCESS) at University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Finally, I will suggest how t o evaluate the applicability and the enhancement of this proposed plan followed by a brief dissection.Page 1 Motivation: First, I was motivated by the importance of computer architecture course. Second, my motivation was also the challenges that I faced in this course thus I didn't satisfactorily understand its concepts. My reason of not fully getting the content was personal; my background knowledge that was required to this course wasn't adequate. Then I asked myself how much have the other students, who have fulfilled the prerequisite, learned? Did they get the essentials of the course?And these questions have formulated my effort presented in this paper here in order to both facilitate their learning and improve their learning quality of this substantial course. Background: A. Learning styles: Learning in an organized educational situation may be thought of as a two-step process encompassing the reception and processing of information. Learning styles can be defined as the prefe rences of an individual in a particular learning situation 4]. It refers to the preferred way of a learner to receive information.Individuals are dissimilar in how they learn. In [5], Richard M. Folder had proposed a model of learning and teaching styles in engineering education that consists of five learning styles dimensions: sensory and intuitive, visual and verbal, inductive and deductive, active and reflective, and finally sequential and global. To match the teaching method with a category of the students learning styles, it changes the way to present information or the way to organize it and sometimes both. B.Visual and Verbal Learners In his model, he had considered the visual and verbal learning styles and had categorized them in the input dimension that deals with the component of the learning process in which information is observed. People receive information in many ways. These ways may be divided into three categories, sometimes mentioned to as modalities: visual ways t hat refers to sights, pictures, diagrams, symbols; auditory ways that use sounds, words; kinesthesia ways such as taste, touch, and smell.Thus, there are visual, verbal, and kinesthesia learners. Visual learners have a reference of seeing: pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, or demonstrations and they remember best what they see. They usually like to see the teacher's body language and expressions to better understand the content of lessons, highlight the important points of the lesson with pretty colors, and they Page 2 illustrate the concepts to fully understand and memorize it.If information is simply said to them, they will forget it easily. Auditory learners remember best what they listen to. They acquire a lot out of discussion, learn efficiently by explaining things to ACH other, take the underlying meanings of speech through focusing their listening to tone of voice, read the written materials out loud to absorb and memorize them well, and they prefer verbal clarification to optical demonstration. According to Richard M.Folder, â€Å"most people of college age and older are visual while most college teaching is verbal?the information presented is predominantly auditory (lecturing) or a visual representation of auditory information (words and mathematical symbols written in texts and handouts, on transparencies, or on a chalkboard)†. This present a problem to many learners. C. How we learn? How People Learn: Brain Mind, Experience, and School book [6] has concluded seven primary points of how people learn: 1.Leaning is facilitated when knowledge is structured around major concepts and principles. 2. A learner's prior knowledge is the starting point of effective learning. 3. Awareness and self-monitoring of learning (â€Å"meta-cognition†) are important for acquiring proficiency. 4. Learners' belief about their ability to learn affects their success. 5. Recognizing and accommodating differences in the ways people learn are e ssential. 6. Learning is shaped by the context in which it occurs. . Learning can be strengthened through collaboration.These points also were the foundations of the vision for the future science and engineering learning environment that was anticipated in the new electrical and computer engineering curriculum in 2013 and beyond [7]. In my paper, I am suggesting a plan that is in line with both points number 1 and 5. Implementation: To implement a teaching plan that focuses on visual and verbal learning styles in the computer architecture context, I will be using visual and aural tools to present the content and I will mix using them while I am explaining each concept.The aural tools will be spoken words or written presented text. On the other hand, the visual tools will Page 3 vary between pictures, diagrams and charts. This teaching plan is intended for introducing computer architecture course ACCESS/5200 at University of Colorado at Colorado Spring. The laconic teaching goals for this lesson are: 0 0 0 0 Student defines computer architecture. Student recognizes the role of the technology trends in computer architecture. Student distinguishes between computer architecture and instruction set architecture. Student lists two types of parallelism.And it will be organized as the following: 1. Prerequisite classes. 2. A foreword. 3. Computer architecture definition. 4. Computer architecture intersection. 5. Computer architecture classifications. 6. Why does it matter? 7. Course content. 8. Conclusion. 1 . Prerequisite classes Dependency or process diagram is going to be utilized to show the computer organization prerequisite classes. Computer organization 2. A foreword. Computers have different ways of how we see them. Computer Architecture Personal Mobile devices Desktop Computing Servers Clusters/ warehouseman computers Embedded computersEach of these unlike computers has its own characteristics, requirement, and computing technologies. However, they all have a t least a processor, memory, 1/0 device, and a way to communicate between them. Another way to see computers is this picture. Page 4 Applications System software Hardware SIS SIS in this picture is abbreviation of instruction set architecture, the boundaries between the hardware and the software. 3. Computer architecture definition: So, what is computer architecture? What do the computer architects do? The definition will be driven from the presented pictures above. Computer architects design imputer systems.Hence, it is not equal to designing SIS any more (old definition) SIS is actually a part of computer architecture. The word architecture nowadays covers all three aspects of computer design – instruction set architecture, organization or macrostructure, and hardware [8]. Computer architecture has been defined as designing the organization and hardware of the computer to meet goals and Measurement and Analysis Design Requirements and Castrations functional requirements [8] (figure: 1). 4. Computer architecture intersection: SIS Compiler Logical design Computer architecture is not a stand-alone subject.In order to obtain better computer design, it calls for familiarities with several topics like What do the computer architects do? Figure 1 : compiler, history of computers, and operating systems (figure: 2). A useful suggested tool to visualize the above Computer Architecture prop languages SO Computer history Figure 2: computer architecture interaction http://loving. Host. Sky/attendant/Operating-System-Extended-Machine. HTML Page 5 content would be Venn diagram. 5. Computer architecture classification: The most popular known classification of the computer architecture is Flan's taxonomy.It insiders only the computer processor of the designed computer system. The memory, interconnections, 1/0 devises aren't involved in Flan's taxonomy. The processor receive two kinds of information flow whether data or instruction. According to Flan's taxonomy, both o f the instruction or data streams can be single or multiple. Architecture categories Flan's Taxonomy SITS SIMD MID MISS Another architecture classification is based on the type of parallelism that is exploited in the designed computer system. Tow type of parallelism at the computer application Parallel architecture Data level parallelismTask level parallelism level: data level parallelism and task level parallelism 6. Why does it matter? Architects design architecture for a given technology. Technology parameters quickly change over time. So, it is important to trace the technology trends and plan for it as architects (figure: 3). Parameter Time Page 6 Figure 3: Technology trends Technology: Integrated circuit technology DRAM, Flash Magnetic disk technology Bandwidth and Latency Transistors and Wires Power and Energy: Thermal Design Power (TIP) Dynamic Energy and Power Static power consumption Cost: DRAM pence Microprocessors price Integrated Circuit Cost 7.Course topics: Computer a rchitecture Quantitative approach [8] is a popular book for teaching computer architecture class in many universities, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs as well. So, I am going to adopt the content of this book to introduce the computer architecture topics. Here is a dependency diagram to present the course topics and the book chapters at the same time in relational manner to give the student a glance of how the topics are structured. Also, it can be extended by building up new dependency relations between the chapters as the instructor start to explain them later on the course.This method is to facilitate the learning according to How People Learn book [6] point number one. Chap: 1 Fundamentals of Quantitative Design and Analysis Chap: 2 Memory hierarchy design Chap: 3 instruction-Level Parallelism Chap: 4 Data-Level Parallelism Appendix B Appendix C Chap: 5 Multiprocessors and Threadlike Parallelism page 7 Chap: 6 The Warehouse-Scale Computer 8. Close the talk by summariz ing the information. In conclusion, the computer architecture is to design the organization and the hardware of the computer to meet its functional requirements and intended goals.To do that best, architects asked for taking the technology trends in its consideration to lengthen the life of the designed architects and for taking advantages of parallelism in order to make it scalable and efficient. Measurement and Analysis Indeed, Just one thing needs to change in the teaching plan to engage both visual and verbal learning styles- change the way to present information, provide visual aids in addition to verbal ones. Evaluation: In this section, I am going to suggest an evaluating procedure consist of two parts: satisfaction evaluation and outcome evaluation.First, to assess the satisfaction of this Lana, instructor can look to the learning style for each student in the class using one of the learning styles inventory test that are provided online like: http:// www. Learning-storyline . Com/inventory/questions. PH? Cockiest=y or http:// Then, count the percentage of students that has visual learning style, aural learning style, and other styles. After that, calculate the how much of the students learning styles are covered by this plan design, sum visual and verbal students.Finally, count the parentage of students learning styles that this plan considered to evaluate the degree of satisfaction. Second, in a teaching and learning, the most actual evaluation is that which on the basis of students learning outcomes. So, to measure this plan outcome, instructor can use either way quantitative or qualitative approach like: asking some direct questions to Page 8 students to examine their understanding; print out an assessment examination and give it to each student (figure: 4); asking all the students if they have any questions about the lecture.I recommend the simplest evaluating methodology like the method suggested in [9],†instructors should avoid questions or situations that could make it wizard for students to respond (â€Å"Who is lost? â€Å") or are so generic as to lead to nonresidents (â€Å"Are there any questions? â€Å"). Instead, instructors should pose questions that encourage more specific responses, (e. G. , â€Å"How many of you understand what we are talking about? â€Å"). † Name: ? What is computer architecture? Name: From 1 to 10: How much important is this course?How much you think you can learn this course? As (high – medium – low): How much important is this course? How much you think you can learn this course? Figure 4: example of printed students' assessment Discussion: In USC computer architecture class, while implementing the presented approach, I notice a further unintended advantage. The main goal for this plan was to match the learning style for the visual and verbal learners. But I discovered that it has advantages even if the learning style doesn't match the student like the case o f international students.Indeed, this plan improves the learning for the verbal learners who are taught by a different language from what they are natively speak. There was almost 15% of the students in the ACCESS at USC are international students. This approach can contribute to solve the learning difficulties that the international students face. Assuming that the international students misunderstand 5% to 35% from the spoken language in the lecture, due to the lack of their English vocabularies and synonyms that they are familiar with, the percentage expected to decrease when the instructor uses visual tools in their teaching.Consequently, the progress is accomplished by reducing the misunderstanding percentage of the international students. Observing the visualization tools in this teaching plan, it was suitable for the context that they have been exploited in. One of the efficient teaching visualization tools to computer architecture course is simulators [10], it hasn't used in this suggested plan because it had addressed introducing the course but it still can be used later on the lectures.It helps explaining the main concepts in the course such as CPU [1 1], SIS, or cache memory. Page 9 Even if the computer architecture topics expand, this suggested plan will still be applicable and it will not needs significant changes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the main effort in this paper was a contribution to utilize delivering the computer architecture content to the students. I have used a teaching method that focuses on students' learning style and I have designed a constructible teaching plan.In my suggested designed teaching plan for the first day of computer architecture class, I have chosen two basic learning styles of student, visual and verbal learning styles. Then, I propose a way to evaluate the success of it. In my discussion, I discussed several points; I highlighted a benefit for this approach for international students as well; mentioned visualizati on tools are useful and recommended additional one that haven't used but can be used later in the course, simulations is useful for chemotherapeutics. Bibliography [1] E. J. Barbara, H.. B.